A lithophane is a three-dimensional artwork or image that is created on a thin material, typically translucent porcelain or plastic, which can be backlit to reveal the design. The term “lithophane” originates from the Greek words “lithos” (stone) and “phanes” (to appear), indicating that the image becomes visible when light passes through the thin material.
Lithophanes are made using a variety of techniques, but the most common method involves etching or carving the material to different depths. When light is projected from behind the lithophane, the varying thicknesses of the material allow different amounts of light to pass through. This creates a grayscale or relief image, where the areas that have been etched or carved deeper appear darker, while the areas that are less etched or carved appear lighter.
Lithophanes have been used for centuries as decorative pieces, often seen in lamps, candleholders, or window panels. They can display a wide range of subjects, including landscapes, portraits, religious scenes, and geometric patterns. With the advent of modern technology, lithophanes can also be created using 3D printing techniques, allowing for more complex and intricate designs.
Today, lithophanes are appreciated as artistic and decorative pieces, and they have also found applications in photography, personalized gifts, and interior design.